刊名: 教学与研究
Teaching and Research
主办: 中国人民大学
周期: 月刊
出版地:北京市
语种: 中文;
开本: 大16开
ISSN: 0257-2826
CN: 11-1454/G4
邮发代号: 2-256
历史沿革:
现用刊名:教学与研究
创刊时间:1953
该刊被以下数据库收录:
CSSCI 中文社会科学引文索引(2012—2013)来源期刊(含扩展版)
核心期刊:
中文核心期刊(2011)
中文核心期刊(2008)
中文核心期刊(2004)
中文核心期刊(2000)
中文核心期刊(1996)
中文核心期刊(1992)
音标+自然拼读——巧记单词
【作者】 王丹丹
【机构】 (黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市富拉尔基区洪河学校)
【正文】单词是英语学习的基础,不会单词就无法理解句子,更无法理解文章,久而久之便会导致厌学。很多学生学不好英语的主要原因就是记单词的效率太低。这实际上是没有找到记单词的窍门,记单词的方法有很多,但本人结合多年教学实践,和大量查阅资料,总结出一套最为有效的“音标+自然拼读法”,并将其运用到我的课堂上,深受学生喜爱,学生不再为记单词而苦恼,单词量突飞猛进,阅读理解能力也稳步提升,既提高了学生的学习兴趣,也减轻了我的单词教学负担。
“音标+自然拼读法”就是将字母及字母组合与其发音联系起来,让学生掌握拼读规则、拼读技巧,听到发音可以写出单词,看到单词能够读准音。在英语中,同一个字母或字母组合可以有不同的发音,不同的字母或字母组合也可能发相同的音,要想学好自然拼读法,首先必须要掌握字母及其字母组合在单词中的发音规律。针对字母和字母组合的拼读规则,我做了以下梳理:
一、 辅音字母在单词中的发音一般比较固定
b /b/ bus bike big best bear
c /k/ cat cook cap coat clap
c/s/ nice city celebtate practice
d/d/ dog dad day duck ride
f/f/ foot feel food fill frog
g/g/ go get gold good got
h /h/ he hat hot house hit
j /d?/ jeep jump jam job Japan
k /k/ keep kid kind kick kite
l /l/ lion lab light look luck
l/l/ ball tall mall call fall
m /m/ milk mouth may moon me
n /n/ nose knee new now not
p /p/ peach pass pen pet put
r/r/ right ride red ruler room
s /s/ school sun sweet smile soft
/z/ those his these easy nose
名词复数和动词一般现在时第三人称单数形式,在词尾加s或es,清辅音后发音为:
/s/ maps likes cakes helps cooks
在浊辅音和元音后发音为:
/z/ does goes photos potatoes
字母t+s发音为:
/ ts/ cats rabbits hats bats
字母d+s发 /dz/ birds words beds
s ,sh ,ch ,x后发音为:
/ iz/ washes buses boxes watches
t / t/ talk tea tiger taxi top
v /v/ five vest violin very vase
w/w/ war warm word work we
x /ks/ taxi box text next fox
y/ j/ year yes your yo-yo you
/ai/ why sky fly cry try
/i/ sunny windy cloudy snowy
z /z/ zoo zip zero zebra
二、元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音规律
1.以发音的元音字母或辅音字母加不发音e结的重读音节叫做开音节。
元音字母在开音节中发字母的本身音。
a /ei/ cake grade plane make face
字母a在w或wh后常发/ ? / wash want what
字母a在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n前发 / a:/ grass class
pass ask dance after basketball glass
e/ i:/ she we he me be
i /ai/ bike nine kite like line
o /?u/ nose note go no close
在重读音节中,字母o在m, n, v, th前发 /?/
come son some front month other love
u /ju:/ use student useful excuse unit
在字母l,r,j后读/ u:/ ruler blue June glue
2.以一个或几个辅音字母结尾,但中间只有一个元音字母的重读音节,叫做闭音节。
元音字母在闭音节中的读音规则:
a /?/ hand bag dad cat cap
e /e/ desk leg pen yes pet
i /i/ ship his pig big sit
闭音节中,字母i在ld,nd,gh,ght前的读音为:
/ ai/ kind right find mind behind
o /?/ hot box dog not clock
在重读闭音节中,字母o在st或ld前的读音为:
/ ?u/ post most hold old told cold
u / ?/ nut but luck cut plum duck
少数情况下发 /u/ put full push
3.元音字母在弱读音节中通常发/?/或/i/
a /?/ about China America across
字母a在重读音节后发/i/ orange village e /?/ problem open hundred student
i /?/ holiday family beautiful terrible
o /?/ second polite
u /?/ autumn success
4.字母组合的读音
cc /ks/ accident accept success
ce /s/ rice nice ice juice
ch /t?/ chant check cheap chess
/k/ school Christmas tech
ck /k/ chick jacket clock neck
dr /dr/ driver dress drama draw
ds /dz/ beds birds rides seeds
ge /d?/ page age orange large
dge /d?/ knowledge bridge cabbage
gh /f/ cough laugh enough
gr /gr/ grape grandfather grow
nk /?k/ thank think ink
ph /f/ phone photo elephant telephone
qu /kw/ quiet quite quail quick
sh /?/ shoe sheep short shall
th /θ/ mouth month throw thirteen
tr /tr/ train tree try trouble
ts /ts/ coats cats hats seats
tch /t?/ watch catch match
tion /t??n / suggestion question
tion/??n/ invention operation
wh /w/ what when white where
wh/h/ whose who whom whole
ai /ei/ train wait rain paint
ar /a:/ scarf card hard party
字母组合ar在w后的发音为:
ar/ ?:/ award warm war
au / ?:/ caught autumn August
au/a:/ aunt laugh
augh / ?:/ daughter naughty taught
ay /ei/ play way day today
ay/ i/ Monday Tuesday Wednesday
air /ε?/ hair air chair stair
all / ?: l/ ball call small hall
ea /i:/ speak jeans teach beach read
/ e/ weather sweater bread head
/ i?/ really theatre
ed/d 在清辅音后发音为:
/t/ collected worked jumped helped
在浊辅音和元音后发音为:
/ d/ played cleaned watered studied
在/t/,/d/后的发音为:
/id/ visited wanted waited needed
ear/i?/ hear ear near tear dear year
ear /e?/ bear wear pear
字母组合ear后加辅音字母时的读音为:
ear/?:/ learn earth early
ee/i:/ meet sweet sleep three
eigh /ei/ eight eighty weight eighteen
er /?/ winter sister marker clever
ere /e?/ there where
ere / i?/ here mere
er /?:/ certainly term her term person
ew /ju:/ new few view newspaper
ie /ai/ tie die lie
ie/i:/ believe piece field thief
ing /i?/ making flying going dancing
igh /ai/ light right night high
ir /?:/ bird girl third first shirt
ire /ai?/ tired tire fire hire
oa /?u/ coat boat road goat
old / ?u ld/ cold fold gold hold
oo /u:/ room pool moon food
oo/u/ foot book good cook
ou / au/ ground sound around about
ou/ ?/ touch cousin young country
ou/u:/ rount group
oul /u/ would could should
oi,oy /?i noise boy enjoy
or /?:/ sport forty horse report
字母组合or在w后发 /?:/ work world worse
ow / au/ brown cow flower town down
ow/ ?u/ snow row window rainbow
oor /?:/ floor door
ore /?:/ before more store
our发/ ?:/ 或 / ? / four your colour neighbour
ui 发/u:/或 /ju:/ fruit juice suit
ur /?:/ purple burn hurt nurse return
ure / u?/ sure pure cure
5./p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ ,以上三组爆破音相邻时,前一个要失去爆破。例如:blackboard goodbye
6爆破音后若有/ t?/,/ d?/,/ m/,/ n/,/ f/,/θ/时,也要失去爆破。
例如: pictrue subject
7./d/ ,/t/,/l/在/ s/前,发不完全爆破。
例如:outside , friendly 等。
8.连读
连读是指短语或句子中相邻的单词前面一词的末尾为辅音,而后面一个词的词首为元音,前后辅音和元音可以连起来读。
例如:
I get up at about six o`clock am.
Look at the blackboard .
What are you doing ?
How old are you ?
Wake up !
Look out !
大部分单词的读音和拼写都有一定的规律,只要掌握了拼读规则,记单词就会非常容易。但也有一部分不按规则发音的单词,我们需要特殊记忆。以上是我对单词记忆的研究成果,今后我会更加努力钻研教法,使经验得到升华,更好地完成自己的教学工作。
“音标+自然拼读法”就是将字母及字母组合与其发音联系起来,让学生掌握拼读规则、拼读技巧,听到发音可以写出单词,看到单词能够读准音。在英语中,同一个字母或字母组合可以有不同的发音,不同的字母或字母组合也可能发相同的音,要想学好自然拼读法,首先必须要掌握字母及其字母组合在单词中的发音规律。针对字母和字母组合的拼读规则,我做了以下梳理:
一、 辅音字母在单词中的发音一般比较固定
b /b/ bus bike big best bear
c /k/ cat cook cap coat clap
c/s/ nice city celebtate practice
d/d/ dog dad day duck ride
f/f/ foot feel food fill frog
g/g/ go get gold good got
h /h/ he hat hot house hit
j /d?/ jeep jump jam job Japan
k /k/ keep kid kind kick kite
l /l/ lion lab light look luck
l/l/ ball tall mall call fall
m /m/ milk mouth may moon me
n /n/ nose knee new now not
p /p/ peach pass pen pet put
r/r/ right ride red ruler room
s /s/ school sun sweet smile soft
/z/ those his these easy nose
名词复数和动词一般现在时第三人称单数形式,在词尾加s或es,清辅音后发音为:
/s/ maps likes cakes helps cooks
在浊辅音和元音后发音为:
/z/ does goes photos potatoes
字母t+s发音为:
/ ts/ cats rabbits hats bats
字母d+s发 /dz/ birds words beds
s ,sh ,ch ,x后发音为:
/ iz/ washes buses boxes watches
t / t/ talk tea tiger taxi top
v /v/ five vest violin very vase
w/w/ war warm word work we
x /ks/ taxi box text next fox
y/ j/ year yes your yo-yo you
/ai/ why sky fly cry try
/i/ sunny windy cloudy snowy
z /z/ zoo zip zero zebra
二、元音字母在开音节和闭音节中的发音规律
1.以发音的元音字母或辅音字母加不发音e结的重读音节叫做开音节。
元音字母在开音节中发字母的本身音。
a /ei/ cake grade plane make face
字母a在w或wh后常发/ ? / wash want what
字母a在ss, st, sp, sk, th, f, n前发 / a:/ grass class
pass ask dance after basketball glass
e/ i:/ she we he me be
i /ai/ bike nine kite like line
o /?u/ nose note go no close
在重读音节中,字母o在m, n, v, th前发 /?/
come son some front month other love
u /ju:/ use student useful excuse unit
在字母l,r,j后读/ u:/ ruler blue June glue
2.以一个或几个辅音字母结尾,但中间只有一个元音字母的重读音节,叫做闭音节。
元音字母在闭音节中的读音规则:
a /?/ hand bag dad cat cap
e /e/ desk leg pen yes pet
i /i/ ship his pig big sit
闭音节中,字母i在ld,nd,gh,ght前的读音为:
/ ai/ kind right find mind behind
o /?/ hot box dog not clock
在重读闭音节中,字母o在st或ld前的读音为:
/ ?u/ post most hold old told cold
u / ?/ nut but luck cut plum duck
少数情况下发 /u/ put full push
3.元音字母在弱读音节中通常发/?/或/i/
a /?/ about China America across
字母a在重读音节后发/i/ orange village e /?/ problem open hundred student
i /?/ holiday family beautiful terrible
o /?/ second polite
u /?/ autumn success
4.字母组合的读音
cc /ks/ accident accept success
ce /s/ rice nice ice juice
ch /t?/ chant check cheap chess
/k/ school Christmas tech
ck /k/ chick jacket clock neck
dr /dr/ driver dress drama draw
ds /dz/ beds birds rides seeds
ge /d?/ page age orange large
dge /d?/ knowledge bridge cabbage
gh /f/ cough laugh enough
gr /gr/ grape grandfather grow
nk /?k/ thank think ink
ph /f/ phone photo elephant telephone
qu /kw/ quiet quite quail quick
sh /?/ shoe sheep short shall
th /θ/ mouth month throw thirteen
tr /tr/ train tree try trouble
ts /ts/ coats cats hats seats
tch /t?/ watch catch match
tion /t??n / suggestion question
tion/??n/ invention operation
wh /w/ what when white where
wh/h/ whose who whom whole
ai /ei/ train wait rain paint
ar /a:/ scarf card hard party
字母组合ar在w后的发音为:
ar/ ?:/ award warm war
au / ?:/ caught autumn August
au/a:/ aunt laugh
augh / ?:/ daughter naughty taught
ay /ei/ play way day today
ay/ i/ Monday Tuesday Wednesday
air /ε?/ hair air chair stair
all / ?: l/ ball call small hall
ea /i:/ speak jeans teach beach read
/ e/ weather sweater bread head
/ i?/ really theatre
ed/d 在清辅音后发音为:
/t/ collected worked jumped helped
在浊辅音和元音后发音为:
/ d/ played cleaned watered studied
在/t/,/d/后的发音为:
/id/ visited wanted waited needed
ear/i?/ hear ear near tear dear year
ear /e?/ bear wear pear
字母组合ear后加辅音字母时的读音为:
ear/?:/ learn earth early
ee/i:/ meet sweet sleep three
eigh /ei/ eight eighty weight eighteen
er /?/ winter sister marker clever
ere /e?/ there where
ere / i?/ here mere
er /?:/ certainly term her term person
ew /ju:/ new few view newspaper
ie /ai/ tie die lie
ie/i:/ believe piece field thief
ing /i?/ making flying going dancing
igh /ai/ light right night high
ir /?:/ bird girl third first shirt
ire /ai?/ tired tire fire hire
oa /?u/ coat boat road goat
old / ?u ld/ cold fold gold hold
oo /u:/ room pool moon food
oo/u/ foot book good cook
ou / au/ ground sound around about
ou/ ?/ touch cousin young country
ou/u:/ rount group
oul /u/ would could should
oi,oy /?i noise boy enjoy
or /?:/ sport forty horse report
字母组合or在w后发 /?:/ work world worse
ow / au/ brown cow flower town down
ow/ ?u/ snow row window rainbow
oor /?:/ floor door
ore /?:/ before more store
our发/ ?:/ 或 / ? / four your colour neighbour
ui 发/u:/或 /ju:/ fruit juice suit
ur /?:/ purple burn hurt nurse return
ure / u?/ sure pure cure
5./p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ ,以上三组爆破音相邻时,前一个要失去爆破。例如:blackboard goodbye
6爆破音后若有/ t?/,/ d?/,/ m/,/ n/,/ f/,/θ/时,也要失去爆破。
例如: pictrue subject
7./d/ ,/t/,/l/在/ s/前,发不完全爆破。
例如:outside , friendly 等。
8.连读
连读是指短语或句子中相邻的单词前面一词的末尾为辅音,而后面一个词的词首为元音,前后辅音和元音可以连起来读。
例如:
I get up at about six o`clock am.
Look at the blackboard .
What are you doing ?
How old are you ?
Wake up !
Look out !
大部分单词的读音和拼写都有一定的规律,只要掌握了拼读规则,记单词就会非常容易。但也有一部分不按规则发音的单词,我们需要特殊记忆。以上是我对单词记忆的研究成果,今后我会更加努力钻研教法,使经验得到升华,更好地完成自己的教学工作。