刊名: 教学与研究
Teaching and Research
主办: 中国人民大学
周期: 月刊
出版地:北京市
语种: 中文;
开本: 大16开
ISSN: 0257-2826
CN: 11-1454/G4
邮发代号: 2-256
历史沿革:
现用刊名:教学与研究
创刊时间:1953
该刊被以下数据库收录:
CSSCI 中文社会科学引文索引(2012—2013)来源期刊(含扩展版)
核心期刊:
中文核心期刊(2011)
中文核心期刊(2008)
中文核心期刊(2004)
中文核心期刊(2000)
中文核心期刊(1996)
中文核心期刊(1992)
浅议有效的词汇记忆方法
【作者】 张欣萍
【机构】 (云南省丽江市永胜一中)
【正文】高中教师也知道词汇教学的重要性,天天要求学生死记硬背,天天听写,结果学生听写完就忘,就是记不牢。究其原因,师生都忽略了词汇记忆的方法和重难点不突出。然而高考5篇阅读又要求较大的词汇量,这就需要学生储备大量词汇,才能把文章基本读懂。这如同水泥和砂石是建房的基本材料一样,所以掌握大量的词汇是非常必要的。但学生又怕记忆词汇,或者记了又忘了。这就需要想出一些有效的词汇记忆的方法帮助和科学引导他们,让他们轻松愉快的记住。下面我简单的介绍几种方法供学生参考。
一、分解记忆
把较难的单词分成几节记。如:damage →dam(大坝)+age
(年龄),call+graphy →callgraphy(书法),know+l+edge→knowledge,at+ten+ion→attention,well-l+come→welcome,see+k→seek,pig+tail→pigtail,desk+mate→deskmate,pencil
+box→pencilbox等,学生记起来就轻松些了。
二、根据前后缀记单词。
1.名词+后缀变成形容词⑴n+y→adj, cloud+y→cloudy,rainy,snowy,stormy,windy,lucky,noisy,sunny,dusty……
⑵n+ful →adj:,careful,helpful,useful,beautiful,
⑶n+less→adj: useless,careless,penniless,homeless
⑷n+ly →adj: lovely,likely, friendly,weekly,daily,
⑸n+ern→adj: eastern,western,southern,northern
2.adj+ly→adv: carefully,slowly,painfully,carelessly,truly
3.加前缀+il/dis/un/ir/变成反义词
undestand→misunderstand ,il+legal→illegal,dis+appear→disappear,dis+cover→discover,un+fair→unfair,un+happy→unhappy,un+fold→unfold ,ir+regular→irregular,in+dependent→independent…….
4.adj+en或en+adj→v: en+large →enlarge, light+en→lighten,broaden,
5.形容词+后缀→名词
good+ness→goodness, diffent→ diffence,warm+th→warmth,safety,
⑹动词+后缀→名词:grow+th→growth ,invention,actor,teacher, appearance,beggar,liar,movement,behavor…….
三、根据发音记忆单词。如:ay ,ai 常发【ei】,play,say,clay,train .plain,rain 等,还有a在开音节也发【ei】,plate,Kate,cake ,page ,grade……,oa ,ow 常发[?u],goat,coat,row,bow,know,rainbow….ow发[au],down,now,
owl……,ph常发[f],physics,geography,calligraphy,photograph,
o在开音节中发[?u].home.go,no,rose,those,……,e在开音节中或者ee发[i:],he she,these,sheep,sleep.sweep ,…….i在开音节中或者i在ght前发[ai],like,Mike,alike,ride,night,right,……,u在开音节中发[ju:]stu-dent,use,universe, 或者发[:u],blue,rule……,c发[s] 或[k],nice,rice,race,cat,carrot,cake ……,g发[g] 或[dV],orange,good,goat ,go,……,oy发[?i],boy .toy,troy,….,ear发
[i?],ear,dear,near,hear,….. ear发[??],pear,tear,….., ts发[ts],students ,cats,goats,lots……,th发[θ],think,thank,thin,three……,
发[?] they,those,these,them,mother,brother……,
四、根据谐音记单词,“好大的油肚”(How do you do?),“三克油”( Thank you ),“顾得墨林”(Good morning),“司茹图猫肉”(See you tomorrow)只要认真归纳比比皆是。
五、根据近义词或反义词来记
A. 根据反义词来记
right-left/wrong,up-down, in -out,different-same,warm-cool
hot-cold,like–dislike, love-hate ,disappear-appear,
illegal-legal,unfair-fair, student-teacher,good –bad ,
old-young/new,hen-cock,father-mother,dad-mom,girl-boy,
man-woman,appear-disappear,understand-misunerstand……
B.根据近义词来记
important :vital/significant,lie in:be located in,
be proud of:take pride in ,keep healthy:keep fit,set off:set out ,have a rest:have a break ,take a walk:go for a walk,make an apology:apologize, make fun of :play a joke with ;laugh at ;paly a trick on ,wonder:want to know …….
六、根据组群来记
Vegetables:carrot,pea,bean,cabbage,eggplant,cucumber,onion
Meat:pork,beef,mutton,chicken,goose,duck,fish,turkey…….
Animals:horse,pig,goat,sheep,fox,lion,wolf,chick,cock,hen,
donkey,monkey,whale,shark,dolphin,dinosaur,sake,elephant
Drinks:juice,water,coke,tea,coffee,wine…….
总之,记忆词汇的方法有多重多样,我们要灵活运用。但必须眼到,也就是要注重观察,再加上思考才能很好地记住单词。另外要时时循环记忆,因为根据遗忘的规律,我们不复习的话,会逐渐遗忘的。重点的单词反复听写,难的单词采用模糊记忆,阅读能大致提出其意思即可,不必一定要听写。当然要想把单词记牢,把词汇植入语境中应用是最佳的了。还可以结合造句等多种手段来记忆。比如invent,可以提示谁发明了灯泡,学生马上想到了爱迪生。-Edison invented the light bulb. In his whole life ,he invented over 1000 inventions so he was a great inventor .这不仅学会了invent,还学会了相关的词inventor和invention . 在譬如:film 旧词新用, I took some photos and wanted to develop the films .这里的film是胶卷,而不是电影的意思了。我提出周日去徒步旅行,有些同学赞同agree, 有些同学disagree.最后让同学们提出解决(solve)的方法,同学们经过激烈的争辩(debate),得出结论(draw a conclusion)去农场(farm)帮着(help)采(pick)果子。
一、分解记忆
把较难的单词分成几节记。如:damage →dam(大坝)+age
(年龄),call+graphy →callgraphy(书法),know+l+edge→knowledge,at+ten+ion→attention,well-l+come→welcome,see+k→seek,pig+tail→pigtail,desk+mate→deskmate,pencil
+box→pencilbox等,学生记起来就轻松些了。
二、根据前后缀记单词。
1.名词+后缀变成形容词⑴n+y→adj, cloud+y→cloudy,rainy,snowy,stormy,windy,lucky,noisy,sunny,dusty……
⑵n+ful →adj:,careful,helpful,useful,beautiful,
⑶n+less→adj: useless,careless,penniless,homeless
⑷n+ly →adj: lovely,likely, friendly,weekly,daily,
⑸n+ern→adj: eastern,western,southern,northern
2.adj+ly→adv: carefully,slowly,painfully,carelessly,truly
3.加前缀+il/dis/un/ir/变成反义词
undestand→misunderstand ,il+legal→illegal,dis+appear→disappear,dis+cover→discover,un+fair→unfair,un+happy→unhappy,un+fold→unfold ,ir+regular→irregular,in+dependent→independent…….
4.adj+en或en+adj→v: en+large →enlarge, light+en→lighten,broaden,
5.形容词+后缀→名词
good+ness→goodness, diffent→ diffence,warm+th→warmth,safety,
⑹动词+后缀→名词:grow+th→growth ,invention,actor,teacher, appearance,beggar,liar,movement,behavor…….
三、根据发音记忆单词。如:ay ,ai 常发【ei】,play,say,clay,train .plain,rain 等,还有a在开音节也发【ei】,plate,Kate,cake ,page ,grade……,oa ,ow 常发[?u],goat,coat,row,bow,know,rainbow….ow发[au],down,now,
owl……,ph常发[f],physics,geography,calligraphy,photograph,
o在开音节中发[?u].home.go,no,rose,those,……,e在开音节中或者ee发[i:],he she,these,sheep,sleep.sweep ,…….i在开音节中或者i在ght前发[ai],like,Mike,alike,ride,night,right,……,u在开音节中发[ju:]stu-dent,use,universe, 或者发[:u],blue,rule……,c发[s] 或[k],nice,rice,race,cat,carrot,cake ……,g发[g] 或[dV],orange,good,goat ,go,……,oy发[?i],boy .toy,troy,….,ear发
[i?],ear,dear,near,hear,….. ear发[??],pear,tear,….., ts发[ts],students ,cats,goats,lots……,th发[θ],think,thank,thin,three……,
发[?] they,those,these,them,mother,brother……,
四、根据谐音记单词,“好大的油肚”(How do you do?),“三克油”( Thank you ),“顾得墨林”(Good morning),“司茹图猫肉”(See you tomorrow)只要认真归纳比比皆是。
五、根据近义词或反义词来记
A. 根据反义词来记
right-left/wrong,up-down, in -out,different-same,warm-cool
hot-cold,like–dislike, love-hate ,disappear-appear,
illegal-legal,unfair-fair, student-teacher,good –bad ,
old-young/new,hen-cock,father-mother,dad-mom,girl-boy,
man-woman,appear-disappear,understand-misunerstand……
B.根据近义词来记
important :vital/significant,lie in:be located in,
be proud of:take pride in ,keep healthy:keep fit,set off:set out ,have a rest:have a break ,take a walk:go for a walk,make an apology:apologize, make fun of :play a joke with ;laugh at ;paly a trick on ,wonder:want to know …….
六、根据组群来记
Vegetables:carrot,pea,bean,cabbage,eggplant,cucumber,onion
Meat:pork,beef,mutton,chicken,goose,duck,fish,turkey…….
Animals:horse,pig,goat,sheep,fox,lion,wolf,chick,cock,hen,
donkey,monkey,whale,shark,dolphin,dinosaur,sake,elephant
Drinks:juice,water,coke,tea,coffee,wine…….
总之,记忆词汇的方法有多重多样,我们要灵活运用。但必须眼到,也就是要注重观察,再加上思考才能很好地记住单词。另外要时时循环记忆,因为根据遗忘的规律,我们不复习的话,会逐渐遗忘的。重点的单词反复听写,难的单词采用模糊记忆,阅读能大致提出其意思即可,不必一定要听写。当然要想把单词记牢,把词汇植入语境中应用是最佳的了。还可以结合造句等多种手段来记忆。比如invent,可以提示谁发明了灯泡,学生马上想到了爱迪生。-Edison invented the light bulb. In his whole life ,he invented over 1000 inventions so he was a great inventor .这不仅学会了invent,还学会了相关的词inventor和invention . 在譬如:film 旧词新用, I took some photos and wanted to develop the films .这里的film是胶卷,而不是电影的意思了。我提出周日去徒步旅行,有些同学赞同agree, 有些同学disagree.最后让同学们提出解决(solve)的方法,同学们经过激烈的争辩(debate),得出结论(draw a conclusion)去农场(farm)帮着(help)采(pick)果子。