【正文】
　　本文中笔者就如何培养和提高学生的书面表达能力谈谈个人的教学心得。 
　　一、遣词的原则 
　　使用高级词汇及短语。如果仅仅记住几个简单基础的词汇,而且一味的重复低水平的英语知识点,是远远达不到要求的。因此，教师要指导学生注意掌握并归纳各种各样的词汇。以描述人物的词汇为例： 
　　1．表达人物爱憎感情： 
　　like, love, be interested in, be fond of, hate, dislike, be tired of, lose interest in, happy, excited, satisfied, angry, sad, worried, disappointed, terrified… 
　　2．介绍人物的影响及人们对人的评价： 
　　become famous for,?regard …as …, praise… for… , spoke highly of , respect 
　　3．常见描述人物性格，外貌和身体状况等的词语 
　　funny-looking/strong-looking/ugly-looking/dirty-looking /ordinary-looking /tall /short /beautiful /pretty /lovely /naughty/ be blind /lame in /be in good or poor /bright / diligent /lazy, etc. 
　　二、造句的原则
　　从简单句入手，在保证表达句子正确的情况下，适当采用较复杂和高级的句子。好的英语句子能够生动，形象，准确的表达内容。所以要想写出漂亮的书面表达，就要写出好句子，而要写出好句子，就必须以掌握英语的六种基本句型为基础。 
　　英语基本句型: 
　　1．主语+谓语（不及物动词） 
　　The sun rises up in the east and sets in the west. 
　　We get up early every morning. 
　　The suit wears well. 
　　2．主语+系动词+表语 
　　Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth. 
　　Your explanation sounds reasonable. 
　　3．主语+谓语+宾语 
　　I want your promise. 
　　4．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 
　　He paid me a visit yesterday. 
　　5．主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 
　　I will get someone to repair the recorder for you. 
　　I heard her singing in the next room. 
　　6．There be 句型
　　There are many tall buildings in this city.
　　当然，只知道句子的基本句型还不够，要写出优秀的书面表达，还应该有好的句子。 
　　写好句子的方法一：合并句子。 
　　1)It was early in the morning. Mr. Smith was in his garden. He was watering flowers.
　　Early in the morning, Mr. Smith was watering flowers in his garden. 
　　2)A girl was crossing a road. The girl was pretty. The road was wide. 
　　A pretty girl was crossing a wide road. 
　　写好句子的方法二：改写句子 
　　1) Mr. Green is a tall man, who wears a pair of thick glasses. 
　　Mr. Green is a tall man with a pair of thick glasses. 
　　2) The ice on the lake is too thin for us to skate on. 
　　The ice on the lake is so thin that we can’t skate on it. 
　　三、谋篇的原则 
　　高考中的满分作文的共性就是有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。文章的有序性和连贯性是很重要的。因此练习正确使用有效的衔接词是提高写作能力的有效方法。在教学中应该注意总结表达不同关系的衔接词并指导学生灵活运用。 
　　表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition，etc
　　表转折对比关系的: but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although despite, not only…but also, some…others, etc
　　表因果关系的: since, as, because (of), for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, etc
　　表条件关系的: if, on the condition (that), as long as, unless, or else, etc
　　表时间关系的: when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning, now, finally, at last, all of a sudden, etc
　　表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, secondly, next, finally, at last, etc 
　　表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, etc 
　　表举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as, etc
　　表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth, etc
　　表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, in a word, in conclusion, in general, etc 
　　四、采用“读、记、练、比、写”五步训练法 
　　《新概念英语》前言中有这样一句话:“Nothing should be written before it has been read.”意思是“无所读便无所写”。这句话道出了读写的内在联系。 对于在多数处在非英语环境中的中国学生来说，学写英文只能靠去读、去模仿英美人实际使用的语言,从中培养良好的语感。在教学实践中，“读、记、练、比、写”五步训练法在养成学生用英语思维的习惯，提高书面表达能力方面比较实用有效。 
　　 1．“读”即选读一些外刊的精品短文，或往届高考题的书面表达参考答案，质量较高的高考模拟考试卷中的书面表达参考范文，这类文章语言规范、地道，文字短小精悍，学了就能派上用场。
　　 2．“记”指记忆，即背诵。书面表达难就难如何克服汉语的负面干扰，杜绝“中国式英语”。这仅靠理解熟读英语短文还不够，必须通过“背诵”才能使“英语表达法”深深印在学生的脑子里。 
　　3．“练”，即口头反复操练所学短文中出现的常见句型和习惯用语，以求达到烂熟于心，脱口而出的程度。因为所写英文句子，成分是否残缺，是否有英语味，是否地道。在很大程度上取决于对英语习惯用语和句型的掌握程度。如：习惯表达法： I’m writing to you … Here is a picture of the Whites. 
　　May I have your attention please! I have an announcement to make. 
　　句型：Only in this way can we learn English well. There flows a brook through the valley. The harder you work the greater progress you will make. etc. 
　　4．“比”即对比。　在经过“读、记、练”三个环节的学习一篇短文之后，采用对比的方法对所学语言进行对比、分析和讲解，有利于学生对所学内容有全面地正确认识。
　　相似句子或结构的对比：
　　It is three years since he came here. 
　　It will be five years before he meets you again.
　　The house to be built next week will be our classroom . 
　　The house being built now will be our classroom.
　　词法使用不同的对比：
　　The foreign friends were warmly welcomed .
　　The foreign friends were given a warm welcome. 
　　不同形式表达同一内容的对比：
　　She knew English very well. 
　　She has a good command of English .
　　She had a good knowledge of English . 
　　5．“写”，这儿的“写”有两层含义：一是指“默写”所记忆、背诵的英语短文，以检查、巩固“读、记、练、比”的效果；其二，是指试着去写类似的材料或内容的英语作文，达到用英语进行思维和活用英语的能力。
　　总之，提高学生书面表达的能力是一个循序渐进的过程，不可能一蹴而就。一要立足于平时打牢基础，练好基本功；二要研究高考书面表达的要求，重视技能训练；三要适时进行备考训练。